Personalizing the treatment of substance use disorders involves a dimensional, personalized, and dynamic approach to treatment. This approach may include medication use, detoxification, pharmacological agents, and psychotherapy, which may include individual, group, and family approaches. Personalizing substance use treatment based on pre-treatment impulsivity and sensation seeking is also a potential strategy. A review of electroencephalographic (EEG) markers for tracking neurophysiological changes and predicting outcomes in substance use disorder treatment is another area of research. A framework for advancing precision medicine in clinical trials for mental disorders has also been proposed.